NAPPF
Flight Instruction
Powered Parachute Flight
Training Considerations
Ralph McClurg
Considerations for a flight school:
instructor qualifications
adherence to established procedures
facilities maintenance and management
policies regarding training
safety
training programs
vehicles and maintenance; equipment used
liability management
The
following checklist will help determine whether or not the flight school can be
sanctioned as a safe, legitimate organization.
I.
All instructors of the school must hold training exemptions from one of
the authorized agencies. The instructors must fly enough to be current and
proficient, must stay current on issues in the PPC community and industry, must
maintain membership in their exempting organization, must know and enforce the
administrative requirements of their organization, provide proper forms for
their students, verify that the vehicles used in training are safe and legal,
and they must follow good training procedures and an accepted syllabus,
including the use of lesson plans.
II.
The school must make proper use of endorsements.
Endorsements provide
–
Legal solo flights by students without the instructor physically present
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documentation of training
–
restricts the student and reminds the student of those restrictions
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gets the student to come back for renewal and allows checkup on progress
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documents efforts to maintain control of our pilots and their actions
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are time limited but can be for no more than 90 days
–
help ensure that accidents and incidents will be reported
III. The flight school should
have a suitable flight training site or access to one. The site should have
controls in place to keep it safe. Areas where running an engine cannot be
safely done are to be marked. Flight lines are to be restricted to persons
authorized. Facilities must provide for comfortable and professional training.
The site must be maintained for both safety and aesthetics. Access to
unauthorized areas must be controlled. Safety must be enforced and practiced at
the site. Traffic patterns must be published and enforced. Flight training
areas should avoid hazards, livestock, and areas known to be unfriendly toward
aviation. Flight routes to training areas should be over areas which allow safe
emergency landings.
III.
Vehicles owned and/or operated by the flight school must be maintained
aesthetically and safely in accordance with manufacturer’s directions. All
recommended retrofits/ADs must be installed. Maintenance schedules must be
strictly followed. Annual/100 hour inspections must be completed thoroughly and
documented properly. Required markings must be on all training vehicles, and
they must be registered with the appropriated exempting agency. Student-owned
vehicles also must be properly registered and maintained and marked.
Instructors must never fly a student’s vehicle unless it is legal and safe.
IV.
Flight schools must follow an approved training syllabus and each
instructional period must follow a lesson plan(s). Students flying solo must
make maximum use of their flying hours to achieve proficiency - - thus
eliminating “boring holes in the sky” when proficiency can be gained by
practicing specified skill-building maneuvers. Aerobatic maneuvers are not
authorized by the training exemptions or within the design limits of most
training vehicles
V.
Schools must operate legally and do everything possible to manage the
huge liability they incur by operating a flight training operation. Strict
adherence to the signing of liability waivers, operating as a corporation,
insurance, and operating by-the-book in training are all methods to do this.
Instructors operating any other way are placing our sport at risk.
Flight School Safety – Does the school |
Yes/no |
Really believe in safety as evidenced by programs
and instruction in safety procedures, practices, and policies? |
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Have signs posted informing students of safety rules
and slogans? |
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Include safety briefings as a part of instructional
periods? |
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Keep flammables in separate, marked areas? |
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Enforce the yelling of “clear prop” before starting
engines? |
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Enforce the wearing of helmets by students? |
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Enforce the wearing of seat belts and shoulder
harnesses? |
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Post an airport diagram showing obstacles and no-fly
areas? |
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Instructor Qualifications and Currency |
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Flight School Administration - Does each instructor
|
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Have a BFI/UFI Exemption? |
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Maintain membership current in the exempting agency? |
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Fly at least bi-monthly to maintain
currency/proficiency? |
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Read available journals to stay abreast of industry
issues? |
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Maintain a logbook of all flights under the
exemption? |
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Maintain an adequate supply of forms for students? |
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Insure that every vehicle used in training is
properly registered with the proper exempting agency? |
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Verify vehicle condition inspection is complete
before each flight? |
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Have the proper paperwork accessible for each
flight? Exemption? Registration? |
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Have ALL students sign liability waivers to protect
the instructor/organization? |
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Use a training syllabus for each student and
a lesson plan for each training period? |
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Flight School Endorsements – Does the Flight School |
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Use written endorsements appropriately to control
students? |
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Use endorsements to restrict the student to
training flights? |
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Use endorsements to avoid violations of safety
regulations by telling when and where the student can fly? |
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Use endorsements to limit the student to
proper weather conditions? |
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Have a policy on the time limits of
endorsements that is appropriate? |
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Ensure that all endorsements have a time
limit of 90 days or less? |
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Use endorsements that force the student to
contact the instructor at given time intervals and upon encountering
specified circumstances? |
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Flight School Facilities - Does the flight school |
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Have a training site which avoids congested
areas/livestock/exotic animals? |
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Control access to the training site from animals or
unauthorized persons? |
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Control motor vehicle parking so they are not a
hazard to flying or runups? |
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Maintain the training site appropriately – mowed
grass, smooth runway, obstacles minimized? |
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Have a posted policy about use of the site to
prevent safety hazards from visitors? i.e. Are ATVs kept off the field or
marked as authorized vehicles? Are alcoholic beverages prohibited on the
field, or at least controlled so that pilots are not drinking? Are
children and pets kept off the field? |
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Have posted rules that prevent run-up near
buildings, crowds, or vehicles? |
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Have a posted run-up and/or maintenance area? |
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Have the flight line marked to prevent access to
unauthorized persons? |
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Have a regularly scheduled inspection of the field
for condition? |
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Thoroughly inspect new flying sites for safety and
condition? |
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Have landowners’ hold-harmless agreements properly
signed and on file? |
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Maintain good public relationships with the
neighbors? Explain to them what PPC flying is about? Offer
training/introductory flights to them? |
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Have a classroom that allows professional
presentations? Files? Marker boards? Projectors? Training aids?
Restrooms? |
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Flight School Policies and Procedures – Does the
school have a policy for |
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Pricing of Introductory flights and training
programs? |
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Age restrictions on students? |
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Use of facilities and training site? Who can use
them? When? |
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Behavior of persons on the training site?
Horseplay? Limits of access? |
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Staying off vehicles owned by others? No tampering
with accessories? |
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Ensuring that vehicles brought on the premises by
others are safe, in good condition, properly registered, and safely
operated? |
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Ensuring that students or pilots who bring their own
vehicles are operating legally – proper exemption and endorsement, vehicle
registration, condition inspection? |
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Working with students who are not legal to bring
them into compliance? |
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Flight School Training Programs – Does the school
have a standard syllabus |
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For new students to get introductory flights?
Duration and maneuvers performed? |
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For ALL solo students to take an applicable pre-solo
test prior to solo flight under the training exemption? |
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For solo students? Adequate ground instruction per
a lesson plan? Is dual flight conducted with proper demonstration of flight
maneuvers? Ground taxi training before flight? Weather limits enforced? |
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For training beyond initial solo flight? |
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For training in emergency procedures? Engine outs?
Bad weather? Other? |
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For skill building maneuvers? Turns about a point?
Go arounds? Abort T/O? |
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For entering, departing, and following traffic
patterns? |
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For flights specific to BFI recommendations?
Demonstration and training new students? |
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For students to get a critique of their flight
immediately after the flight? |
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For students to know that they are to be following a
training syllabus on all flights as opposed to just flying around? |
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Flight School Equipment and Vehicles – Does the
flight school have |
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Reliable radio and communications equipment? A
maintenance schedule for this? |
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Training vehicles maintained per manufacturers
schedule? |
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Training vehicles stored properly to protect from
weather and/or tampering? |
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Training vehicles properly registered and marked?
“To Be Used For Instructional Use Only” and registration numbers visible? |
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Condition inspection records filed for each vehicle? |
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Vehicles kept clean and neat appearing? Damage
repaired promptly? |
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Log books maintained for maintenance of each
vehicle? Include engine/prop? |
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Flight School liability management? Does the flight
school |
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Have an incorporation or other legal method to shed
or manage liability? |
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If an incorporation, are all forms, registration,
and records properly maintained? |
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Have liability releases that cover the exempting
agency, landowner, airport operator, and/or other involved organizations? |
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Have liability releases that notify parties of
non-certification of ultralights/instructors? |
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Have liability releases that require guardian
signatures for students under 18? |
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Ensure that signers of liability releases understand
what they are signing? |
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Ensure that liability releases are maintained on
file? |
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Have liability insurance or notify students that
there is none? |
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